Exposure to PBL and Thinking-based Learning (TBL) - how to practice PBL and TBL in GBL?

What I knew about PBL prior the exposure:

I see problem as a form of challenge, that is one of the structural elements of game. The nature of learning outcome (LO) in PBL would be problem solved. Learning occurs in the problem solving process.

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Traditional approach:
Teachers + Contents + Learners = Teacher-centred

PBL approach:
Problem-solver + Problem + Facilitator = Student-centred

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The nature of problem in PBL

- ill-structured
- require making assumptions
- includes a hook

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When I flashed back, I actually had practised PBL in MRE3014 Design Aesthetics course recently. I browsed through the web and found a journal (http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/ijpbl/) which I can report my practice of PBL.

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Teaching of thinking: explaining the nature, types and characteristics of thinking
- emphasize on thinking skills.
Teaching for thinking: teaching content and the approach supports students to think
- emphasize learning contents.
Thinking in thinking: infuse teaching contents in thinking. (TBL)
- emphasize both thinking skills and the learning content.

Three components: skilful thinking, meta-cognition, habits of mind

Positive habits of mind: mental habits or disposition that enhance thinking thus making it more effective and therefore more skilful.

Scientific reasoning skills: STEM (Science, technology, Engineering, Mathematics)
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Thinking strategy maps for classifying deductively.
1. What are the categories that you want to classify the given items under?
2. What are the defining characteristics of these categories?
3. What are the characteristics of the items?
4. Based on their characteristics, what categories do the items fall under?
5.